CNR

   Depending on the version of the Intel Pentium 4 motherboard you choose you may have (or not) a CNR slot to add CNR extension cards. CNR stands for Communication & Networking Riser and replaces the old AMR (audio/modem riser). CNR is materialized on the motherboard with a small new brown connector. This port can receive very affordable additional cards since the devices you’ll plug in it won’t feature any of the traditional components. Indeed those are directly integrated in the chipset or on one of the motherboard chip. CNR ports are definitely interesting for OEM manufacturers since they allow them to build low cost PC with powerful solutions. Nonetheless that doesn’t mean that customers will get poor performance add-ons when they opt for a CNR solution. The CNR port can receive modem, audio, USB, Network and other kinds of cards. Intel provided us with a CNR SoundMax card: this card updates the onboard D850EMV2 motherboard audio circuit to one that provides digital SPDIF & optical outputs for the best possible 3D surround sound. That way you can enhance the performance of the built in AC97 sound controller adding a SoundMax CNR card.

SoundMax CNR Card

Onboard Audio

In this age, users that don’t have a sound card on their PC are rare. A sound card has definitely become essential and unavoidable. At this point every PC - even those dedicated to office use - comes with such a device. More demanding users have high-end PCI sound cards to listen and enjoy their favorite MP3 songs & DVDs. The Intel i850e come with build in audio support. In my point of view the sound chip included on the D850EMV2 motherboard is simply a marvel even if some power users may argue it consumes CPU resources to work while a PCI sound accelerator wouldn’t. Well don’t get me wrong, the onboard chip isn’t designed to compete with a Sound Blaster Live, but it provides a clear and nice sound that will please everyone especially music lovers along with some advanced sound features explained here. Easy to install (you don’t need to do everything since it’s integrated), easy to use with powerful and bug free drivers, and pleasant to hear are the features of SoundMax. The built-in audio support avoids the need for any supplementary sound card since it performs as well as them and so doesn’t waste PCI bandwidth (in case you have a top notch sound card you can always disable this sound circuit).  

It even prevents headaches from sound card installation issues and other drivers’ conflicts that can occur with normal sound cards. The integrated ICH2/AC’97 audio solution combined with SoundMax SPX technology is a cost effective solution to provide users with a robust sound quality. SoundMax digitally synthesizes, spatializes and mixes music and voice streams by taking advantage of the processor horse power and companion stereo CODEC (COding and DECoding), achieving a perfect audio parity with consumer electronic devices. 

Since the onboard circuit complies to the AC’97 norm it performs analog to digital conversion and perfectly supports simultaneous recording & playback operations. A typical AC’97 solution works like this when you play a wave file: the data is retrieved by the PCI controller, processed by the accelerator’s DSP, converted to AC’97 format and sent over the AC’97 interface to the CODEC. The audio CODEC then converts the PCM audio data to an analog output, which is passed to the back jacks and ultimately to the PC speakers. Today Intel processors offer enough power to perform these DSP effects in software without excessive use of processor bandwidth. In the audio world, the quality of what you hear is measured using decibels: more the dB rate is higher (on a scale of 100 dB) the more the sound is better and the apparatus is able to play near to perfection sound. With an approximate rate of 94 dB signal to noise ratio the SoundMax audio circuit reaches the quality of a good CD player (in comparison a tape deck reaches in best cases 70 dB). The circuit supports 44.1 kHz sampling rate to deliver outstanding audio and its frequency response covers what the human ear can listen from 20 Hz to 20000 Hz.

Another surprising feature offered by the SoundMax Digital Audio integrated systems is the Sensaura 3D positional audio and environmental enhancement that lets you experience a full 360° sound. The same kind of technology is now present in many sound cards and modifies the phase and group delay of outgoing audio signals so users can experience an immersive, three dimensional sound experience. This technique is great especially in games (imagine you can hear your enemies arriving before they appear on your screen, or the bullets flying all around you) and when watching DVD. For high demanding real-time audio applications, SoundMax uses multi-voice DLS Wavetable MIDI synthesises with Staccato SynthCore Audio Rendering Technology to provide physically modelled sound effects capabilities.

The professional 4 MB DLS2 Sound Set offers 128 high quality recorded instruments while the XGlite Sound Set comes with a 1.2 MB memory that contains 360 instruments. If in terms of sound quality the SoundMax circuit doesn’t pale at all in comparison to a Sound Blaster Live!, it doesn’t offer as many outputs as the SB Live do. Indeed you can’t use surround speakers (4 way speakers) or digital ones since they are no SPDIF output. Thankfully you can upgrade the sound circuit with a CNR card to create multi-channel surround sound system by adding two or four analog channels for use with two, four or even six speakers! The quality offered by the SoundMax audio chip is more than sufficient for speech recognition: we tested it with IBM ViaVoice 8.0 Pro and the software has no troubles with it.

Sound Drivers

   We tested the SoundMax Audio circuit under Windows XP Professional with the latest final drivers from Intel. First of all the drivers are using the WDM architecture so they are perfectly compliant with the advanced power management & other DirectX features and perfectly integrated with Windows. The SoundMax drivers offer several software features that let you enhance the depth and strength of bass frequencies for the output signal, models the human HRTF (Head Related Transfer Functions) to position sound effects anywhere in a 3D sound field, and much more. The drivers also let you choose which music synthesizer you want to use, the number of voices that are needed for an optimum playback, etc. The latest 3.0 drivers come with the SPX extension: the Sound Production Extensions technology generate responsive, interactive, and dynamic game sounds in real time in response to game physics, environmental variables, and player input. In the near future more & more games should be released with SPX support.

  
SoundMax 3.0 Drivers Control Panel (click to enlarge)

SoundMax 3.0 Tray Icon

USB 2.0 Backgrounder

Massively adopted by every computer user, the Universal Serial Bus standard has almost replaced the old school serial port because of its numerous yet undeniable advantages. The promoters of the USB worked hard to deliver a connecting norm that features serious qualities: hot plug, plug & play, plus the ability to connect 127 devices simultaneously. However the USB as we know it today has one weak point; the interface offers a slow transfer rate. With USB 1.1’s poor transfer rate it was impossible for manufacturers to consider releasing USB storage devices like hard disks, USB high speed burners, USB network adapters, USB video capturing devices, etc. 

That’s why the members (Compaq, Intel, Hewlett Packard, Microsoft, Nec, Philips, etc.) of the USB Implementers Forum have co-developed a new promising generation of the USB norm extending performances by up to 40 times over existing capabilities. USB 2.0 features all the qualities of today’s USB but above all it offers an extraordinary bandwidth of 480 Mbps against only 12 Mbps for USB 1.1, thus unveiling new possibilities to connect high speed and high demanding devices. Today many USB 2.0 devices are available like hard drives, scanners, burners, etc.  

As stated before the main advantage of the USB 2.0 is its unprecedented bandwidth. With a 480 Mbps bandwidth, the USB 2.0 beats the theoretical 400 Mbps bandwidth offered by the FireWire standard. Obviously the D850EMV2 motherboard is backward compatible with thousands of USB 1.1 devices; this means you can still connect and use your USB 1.1 equipments with the card. However, USB 1.1 devices connected on a USB 2.0 controller will work only at 1.5 Mbps or 12 Mbps. Just like its predecessor you can connect up to 127 USB devices to the USB 2.0 ports of your motherboard (you can combine USB 1.1 & USB 2.0 devices).  

As hot and exciting as it sounds, USB 2.0 has some drawbacks! Indeed you’ll have to change your existing USB hubs if you want a hub that offers full speed USB 2.0 connectors. Moreover, connecting a USB 1.1 hub to the USB 2.0 port of the D850EMV2 motherboard will limit the speed of your USB devices to the maximal speed of 12Mbps that the USB 1.1 offers. Plus you have to use special USB 2.0 branded cables to connect USB 2 devices to the adapter, otherwise the USB 2.0 devices will operate in USB 1.1.